Expectativas de inserción laboral en graduados de residencias de Medicina Familiar y General, Buenos Aires / Employment expectations of graduates from family and general medicine residencies, Buenos Aires

La Medicina Familiar y General (MFyG) es una especialidad clave en la estrategia de Atención Primaria de la Salud (APS). Sin embargo, en Latinoamérica se observa una disminución en la cantidad de aspirantes a las residencias de dicha especialidad y con los años abandono de su práctica. Explorar de manera prospectiva las expectativas de inserción laboral de los residentes del último año de MFyG y de los recientemente graduados e identificar el grado de incumbencia en el ámbito de la APS de las primeras experiencias laborales. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo y descriptivo, a través de 20 entrevistas semi-estructuradas y dos grupos focales a médicos de instituciones de gestión privada de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, durante el año 2019. Del análisis del corpus empírico surgieron 4 dimensiones: el perfil del médico de familia/general, la lucha por el reconocimiento de la especialidad, los factores que influyen en las primeras elecciones laborales y las expectativas laborales post residencia. Observamos que los médicos de familia/general se encuentran muy optimistas en la etapa de recién recibidos, con deseos de trabajar en el ámbito de la APS. Sin embargo, se ven obligados a enfrentar un mercado laboral que no aprecia (y hasta no comprende) su preparación. Las expectativas laborales se ven afectadas por una tensión entre ideas profundas sobre "lo correcto" de su trabajo y las oportunidades laborales reales en un sistema de salud que prioriza las especialidades de la fragmentación (AU)

Family and General Medicine is a key specialty in the Primary Health Care (PHC) strategy. However, in Latin America there has been a decrease in the number of physicians who choose and then practice it. To explore the Family and General Medicine residents' expectations on their labor transition after the last training year and identify the degree of concern in the field of PHC of the first work experiences. Qualitative study, through 20 semi-structured interviews and 2 focus groups involving Family and General physicians from privately managed institutions in Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, in 2019. From the analysis of the empirical corpus, four dimensions emerged: the profile of the family physicians, the fight for the recognition of the specialty, the factors that influence their first work experiences and the post-residency careers expectations. The graduates from Family and General Medicine residency programs interviewed have to face a difficult labour market that does not appreciate their training and does not understand what family physicians provide in terms of comprehensive care to patients. Therefore, tension arises between what is right and acceptable in their profession and the real job opportunities offered by the health system that prioritizes fragmented specialties (AU)

Patterns of Interaction Between General Practitioners and Their Patients by Means of a Messaging System Within the Electronic Health Record Regarding Messages Asking for a Referral to a Specialist: A Descriptive Study.

The continuity of care is the relationship between a physician and a patient that extends throughout different episodes of illness. This care includes that in some opportunities the patient must consult a medical specialist. In this qualitative study, we set out to explore and describe the different requests for referral authorization to a specialist by patients affiliated with private health insurance, in order to understand the different patterns of interaction between general practitioners (GP) and their patients. The conversation analysis let us identify categories (structural and functional) after a critical reading of messages between GPs and their patients through an Electronic Health Records (EHR) messaging system. This work allowed us to know more in depth the process of continuity of care. In most cases, the doctor answered affirmatively to the request for a new referral to a specialist.

Paciente con cansancio / Tired patient

El médico de familia está capacitado para resolver la mayoría de los problemas de salud de sus pacientes. Dentro del consultorio, el cansancio constituye un motivo de consulta muy frecuente. Su abordaje debe incluir la evaluación del contexto del paciente y un enfoque sistémico que incluya otros niveles diagnósticos y terapéuticos. Se presenta el caso de una paciente que, a partir de este motivo de consulta tan frecuente y junto a intervenciones de su médico de cabecera, logró modificar el foco del problema y comenzar un tratamiento acorde. (AU)

Family physicians are able to solve the majority of their patients' health issues. In the office, fatigue is a common complaint. Its approach should include the evaluation of the context of the patient and a systemic approach that includes other diagnostic and therapeutic levels. We present the case of a patient who went to his doctor with a common complaint and was able to change the focus of the problem and begin a consistent treatment. (AU)

Rastreo de hipotiroidismo en pacientes embarazadas / Hypothyroidism screening in pregnancy

El embarazo es una situación clínica donde se produce un aumento fisiológico de la síntesis de hormona tiroidea y en la cual su carencia puede acarrear morbilidad perinatal. A partir de una viñeta clínica en la cual una médica solicita determinaciones de TSH y hormonas tiroideas a una mujer embarazada asintomática, la autora se plantea la utilidad del rastreo de hipotiroidismo en el embarazo. Luego de realizar una búsqueda bibliográfica y seleccionar la evidencia más reciente y de mejor calidad, se concluye que actualmente no existe sustento para rastrear hipotiroidismo en esta población. Por su parte, diferentes organizaciones recomiendan, a través de sus guías de práctica clínica, la búsqueda de casos teniendo en cuenta factores de riesgo específicos. (AU)

Pregnancy is a clinical condition where there is a physiological increase of thyroid hormone synthesis and in which its deficiency can lead to perinatal morbidity. From a clinical vignette in which a physician requests both TSH and thyroid hormone determinations to an asymptomatic pregnant woman, the author explores the usefulness hypothyroidism scree-ning in pregnancy. After carrying out a bibliographic search and selecting the most recent and best quality evidence, it is concluded that there is currently no firm evidence for sustaining hypothyroidism screening in this population. Although, different organizations recommend through its clinical practice guidelines hypothyroidism case finding in pregnancy taking into account specific risk factors. (AU)